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10 years of Human Genome Project. (Read 4258 times)
GoodScienceForYou
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10 years of Human Genome Project.
Jun 13th, 2010 at 9:40am
 
The premises used that come from the Evotards has retarded cures for disease. This is obviously because of the false assumptions caused by Evodelusionism, the religion of morons and nitwits.

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June 12, 2010
A Decade Later, Genetic Map Yields Few New Cures
By NICHOLAS WADE; New York Times
http://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/13/health/research/13genome.html?th=&emc=th&pagew...
Ten years after President Bill Clinton announced that the first draft of the human genome was complete, medicine has yet to see any large part of the promised benefits.

For biologists, the genome has yielded one insightful surprise after another. But the primary goal of the $3 billion Human Genome Project — to ferret out the genetic roots of common diseases like cancer and Alzheimer’s and then generate treatments — remains largely elusive. Indeed, after 10 years of effort, geneticists are almost back to square one in knowing where to look for the roots of common disease.

One sign of the genome’s limited use for medicine so far was a recent test of genetic predictions for heart disease. A medical team led by Nina P. Paynter of Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston collected 101 genetic variants that had been statistically linked to heart disease in various genome-scanning studies. But the variants turned out to have no value in forecasting disease among 19,000 women who had been followed for 12 years.

The old-fashioned method of taking a family history was a better guide, Dr. Paynter reported this February in The Journal of the American Medical Association.

In announcing on June 26, 2000, that the first draft of the human genome had been achieved, Mr. Clinton said it would “revolutionize the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of most, if not all, human diseases.”

At a news conference, Francis Collins, then the director of the genome agency at the National Institutes of Health, said that genetic diagnosis of diseases would be accomplished in 10 years and that treatments would start to roll out perhaps five years after that.

“Over the longer term, perhaps in another 15 or 20 years,” he added, “you will see a complete transformation in therapeutic medicine.”

The pharmaceutical industry has spent billions of dollars to reap genomic secrets and is starting to bring several genome-guided drugs to market. While drug companies continue to pour huge amounts of money into genome research, it has become clear that the genetics of most diseases are more complex than anticipated and that it will take many more years before new treatments may be able to transform medicine.

“Genomics is a way to do science, not medicine,” said Harold Varmus, president of the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York, who in July will become the director of the National Cancer Institute.

The last decade has brought a flood of discoveries of disease-causing mutations in the human genome. But with most diseases, the findings have explained only a small part of the risk of getting the disease. And many of the genetic variants linked to diseases, some scientists have begun to fear, could be statistical illusions.

The Human Genome Project was started in 1989 with the goal of sequencing, or identifying, all three billion chemical units in the human genetic instruction set, finding the genetic roots of disease and then developing treatments. With the sequence in hand, the next step was to identify the genetic variants that increase the risk for common diseases like cancer and diabetes.

It was far too expensive at that time to think of sequencing patients’ whole genomes. So the National Institutes of Health embraced the idea for a clever shortcut, that of looking just at sites on the genome where many people have a variant DNA unit. But that shortcut appears to have been less than successful.

The theory behind the shortcut was that since the major diseases are common, so too would be the genetic variants that caused them. Natural selection keeps the human genome free of variants that damage health before children are grown, the theory held, but fails against variants that strike later in life, allowing them to become quite common. In 2002 the National Institutes of Health started a $138 million project called the HapMap to catalog the common variants in European, East Asian and African genomes.

With the catalog in hand, the second stage was to see if any of the variants were more common in the patients with a given disease than in healthy people. These studies required large numbers of patients and cost several million dollars apiece. Nearly 400 of them had been completed by 2009. The upshot is that hundreds of common genetic variants have now been statistically linked with various diseases.

But with most diseases, the common variants have turned out to explain just a fraction of the genetic risk. It now seems more likely that each common disease is mostly caused by large numbers of rare variants, ones too rare to have been cataloged by the HapMap.

Defenders of the HapMap and genome-wide association studies say that the approach made sense because it is only now becoming cheap enough to look for rare variants, and that many common variants do have roles in diseases.

At this point, some 850 sites on the genome, most of them near genes, have been implicated in common diseases, said Eric S. Lander, director of the Broad Institute in Cambridge, Mass., and a leader of the HapMap project. “So I feel strongly that the hypothesis has been vindicated,” he said.

But most of the sites linked with diseases are not in genes — the stretches of DNA that tell the cell to make proteins — and have no known biological function, leading some geneticists to suspect that the associations are spurious.

Many of them may “stem from factors other than a true association with disease risk,” wrote Jon McClellan and Mary-Claire King, geneticists at the University of Washington, Seattle, in the April 16 issue of the journal Cell. The new switch among geneticists to seeing rare variants as the major cause of common disease is “a major paradigm shift in human genetics,” they wrote.

The only way to find rare genetic variations is to sequence a person’s whole genome, or at least all of its gene-coding regions. That approach is now becoming feasible because the cost of sequencing has plummeted, from about $500 million for the first human genome completed in 2003 to costs of $5,000 to $10,000 that are expected next year.

But while 10 years of the genome may have produced little for medicine, the story for basic science has been quite different. Research on the genome has transformed biology, producing a steady string of surprises. First was the discovery that the number of human genes is astonishingly small compared with those of lower animals like the laboratory roundworm and fruit fly. The barely visible roundworm needs 20,000 genes that make proteins, the working parts of cells, whereas humans, apparently so much higher on the evolutionary scale, seem to have only 21,000 protein-coding genes.

The slowly emerging explanation is that humans and other animals have much the same set of protein-coding genes, but the human set is regulated in a much more complicated way, through elaborate use of DNA’s companion molecule, RNA.

Little, if any, of this research could have been done without having the human genome sequence available. Every gene and control element can now be mapped to its correct site on the genome, enabling all the working parts of the system to be related to one another.

“Having a common scaffold on which one can put all the information has dramatically accelerated progress,” Dr. Lander said.

The genome sequence has also inspired many powerful new techniques for exploring its meaning. One is chip sequencing, which gives researchers access to the mysterious and essential chromatin, the complex protein machinery that both packages the DNA of the genome and controls access to it.

The data from the HapMap has also enabled population geneticists to reconstruct human population history since the dispersal from Africa some 50,000 years ago. They can pinpoint which genes bear the fingerprints of recent natural selection, which in turn reveals the particular challenges to which the populations on different continents have had to adapt.

As more people have their entire genomes decoded, the roots of genetic disease may eventually be understood, but at this point there is no guarantee that treatments will follow. If each common disease is caused by a host of rare genetic variants, it may not be susceptible to drugs.

“The only intellectually honest answer is that there’s no way to know,” Dr. Lander said. “One can prefer to be an optimist or a pessimist, but the best approach is to be an empiricist.”

Next: Drug companies stick with genomics but struggle with information overload.
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GoodScienceForYou
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Re: 10 years of Human Genome Project.
Reply #1 - Jun 18th, 2010 at 10:30pm
 
Basically the human Genome project was not successful in its purpose.

When your start with the idea that DNA is at the bottom level of biology (it isn't) and tell the government you want 10 million to map the human genome, because it will be the cure of many illnesses, you get NOTHING.
False premises result in Nothing. Roll Eyes
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GoodScienceForYou
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Re: 10 years of Human Genome Project.
Reply #2 - Jul 3rd, 2010 at 10:55am
 
I am trying very hard to break through to scientists to get them to wake up from this unproven nonsense that they understand the genome.
With DNA we get the expression of the deeper coding hidden in the processes that we cannot see.

The Evodelusionists think that DNA is the bottom line of genetics, but it is not.  It is OBVIOUS to me that it is not.

When you observe the changes in DNA constructs, the coding differences between parents and offspring, those differences are neither random nor are they mutations.

They are coding that is expressed from levels that go beyond what is seen in DNA.  DNA is not the cause of itself.  This is because NOTHING in this universe is the cause of itself until you get into the origin of all of this, which can only be from a creative force beyond what the human mind can comprehend, that set this all in motion.

Any one who does not see this is really ignorant.  In ancient East Indian Scriptures it is said that the knowledge of the world is bondage (dyanaam bandaha).  What that means is that humans are weak and so they make up crap to explain things they cannot comprehend. Humans are a fearful lot, and need to have beliefs to calm the fears.  They cannot stand to just "not know", so fantasy takes over.  The lower the class the more primitive the causes become. The higher the civilization, the more elaborate the fantasies become.

Historically, this has been shown over and over and over that the civilizations of humans (The established academia) have always been politically driven and the beliefs are carefully controlled by what is "politically correct" to this era of life in any particular society.  That is why these mythologies are constantly changing as the only thing that is constant with humans is changing of beliefs and fantasies which are then projected on life.

The reason why evolution does not work, and has not produced a single positive result is because it is not true, not at all. It is a "delightful" fantasy used to explain things that cannot be understood and cannot be scientifically proven.

I have taken every single premise of this Evodelusion religion and I have developed far more plausible answers that fit the actual evidence.  Each one of my answers to these pieces of evidence cannot be falsified. ( using this ridiculous idea of falsification, on people who believe in falsification).

They cannot refute anything I teach, because of their own ways of maintaining their religious fantasies of creatures evolving from less complex and magically evolving into more complex with extremely sophisticated genetic coding, body functions, and elaborate was that the genome is shown to need to survive.

I was born with an extreme IQ, and I never believe anyone about anything, until it is proven ABSOLUTELY to me in physical evidence that repeats always and never fails. This is the true science.  If you can prove it to me, then it it most likely true.  Give it your best shot, and you will only become frustrated and say things like.  "You don't understand science." and other nonsensical remarks.

Most of what Evodelusionism has taught is for people to fail, because it is not a workable hypothesis, much less a functional theory.

Evolution is not genetics, because genetics shows us there is only a need to survive AS THE SAME CREATURE. And that means that those creatures will adapt as long as they can maintain as the same creatures.

The term "species" has been "bastardized" and made into an abortion that seemingly fits their (established academia) politically correct definition of evolution.  This is more proof that humans will force belief on the world.

Here is what the truth is. The truth never changes.  If it is the truth it cannot change.  If science is constantly changing the story to fit the new evidence and they will talk circles around evidence that is contrary to their belief and then avoid teaching that to the children in school.

Many people with PHD's are not aware of the many hundreds of pieces of evidence that do not support evolution.  You go figure out why? They will take perfectly good data, and destroy it or say it is no good or better yet define that  "it is not science".   Actually it is far better science to allow all data to be examined, rather than to pick only what fits the belief.

The truth is that for every event, chemical reaction, human thought, or any phenomenon that has ever taken place, there is the real cause and the real effect....the actual truth about what has happened.

The human (the total of humanity) mind, when given free reign, will misinterpret natural events 99% of the time and make it fit the brainwashed beliefs, even when it doesn't fit or could never fit.  They have this "magical" thinking that will make things fit the belief or they will disregard it as "not science".

How do you  know it is a religious belief, by the anger.  You can tell right away, because of how belligerent and hateful they become when they realize you have more understanding than they do and you challenge their prideful (dyanam bandaha) egos.

Then they will go off on their internet message forums with such nonsensical names as the "forum of knowledge and reason" where the herd mentality of the brainwashed congregate like any screwed up religion.

I am here to try and help the ones who recognize the logical fallacies of this Evodelusion religion.  I am here to help people to get free of all "knowledge which is the root cause of your bondage". 

Once you proclaim your allegiance to the herd (get a PHD in evodelusion), and become "baptized" into the religion of Evodelusionism and you attach your pride, self worth, and your income to this crap, you are never going to get free of it, unless you give power over to your doubts.

Your doubts are your only freind.

The fact that NOTHING has come out of this belief in creatures evolving, should give rise to many doubts.

Genetics has no relationship to this idea of creatures breaking the boundaries of their inherent genetics.

The cult members of Evodelusionism, find that attacking other religions is the thing that reinforces their screwed up religion, of Evodelusionism, because it is disguised as "science".  Arguing creationism vs evodelusionism is not an argument of anything.  It shows a root cause of ignorance.

The wise people know that it is not science, because there is no evidence for it. Not a single piece of evidence shown is nothing more than common ordinary genetics in action and that has never shown any creature having the ability to change into a more complex life form.

There is not one single physical piece of evidence that shows this.  Yet these indoctrinated weak minded people think it is real.  If you think this crap is real, then I just defined what you are.  Weak minded, unable to think for yourself. That is what you are, no matter what you believe yourself to be.  This is because I have no religion, and  thus have no need to project that on the world.  My father taught me to never believe anyone, no matter who they were and to find out what is real for myself. 

If you are better than that, then prove it to yourself.  Go out and find this.

Where is your absolute evidence for evolution?  It must be physical, irrefutable, with no other possibility. In each piece of evidence The answer can ONLY be evolution and nothing else and it must be obvious without brainwashing.
Above all there must be NO OPINIONS from believers.

When I analyze all the, so called, evidence for evolution the only thing I have found is opinions and nothing else, caused by brainwashing,  because the evidence for evolution does not exist.

If you have this irrefutable, unchanging and absolute evidence, then where is it?

Only a weak minded persons fall for belief systems without absolute evidence.

This is why after 10 years of the human genome project no cures have come from it, because the premises these "scientists" are working from are false.  The number one premise is that DNA is the end all to the depths of genetics. It is not, it is only the surface being scratched.

Once that surface is opened up, the theory of evolution will fade like all mythology that has not left science, yet. 
Someday all magical, mythology will be gone and we will find cures, we will live for thousands of years, and be healthy.

Modern Medicine is archaic, because of this nonsense.  Just look at the results. 

We still don't understand the human immune system for example.  We have no idea the real cause of diseases. Not a friggin clue. Go ask your doctor what the real cause of disease is.

Most treatments are "experimental" for cancer, that is why they work sometimes. If we knew the cause of cancer, do you think it would exist today?


Biological Science based on mytholgy is the new god of the atheists, and it is not a very good god, just look at the results.  It is just a projection of fantasy.

My two favorite quotes from Albert Einstein.

"Two things are infinite: the universe and human stupidity; and I'm not sure about the the universe."

"Education is what remains after one has forgotten everything he learned in school."

Albert Einstein discovered the theory of relativity on his kitchen table.  Most scientific discoveries are not done in the classroom, where politically correct rules, and teachers who want you to be just as stupid as they are or worse are in charge. They do not do this out of anything other than that is human nature. They want you to have what they have, but what they have is most always a belief system.





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